3At the other end, "harvest" strategies are used when a firm is willing to sacrifice market share for short-term profitability and cash-flow maximization. 4Research and theory suggest that top management decision-sharing may have a more positive relationship with adherence to plans among firms with harvest strategies than among firms with build strategies. 5In a study of strategic practices in several large firms, managers in harvest strategy scenarios were more able to adhere to their business plans. 6As one of the managers in the study explained it, this is partly because "typically all a manager has to do when implementing a harvest strategy is that which was done last year." 7Additionally, managers under harvest strategies mayhave fewer strategic options than do those under build strategies; it may therefore be easier to reach agreement on a particular course of action through decision-sharing, which will in turn tend to promote adherence to plans. 8Conversely, in a "build" strategy scenario, individual leadership, rather than decision-sharing, may promote adherence to plans.
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雅思(英语:IELTS),全称为国际英语测试系统(International English Language Testing System),是著名的国际性英语标准化水平测试之一。
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The Test of English as a Foreign Language,简称TOEFL
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Scholastic Assessment Test
中文名称为学术能力评估测试。由美国大学委员会(College Board)主办,SAT成绩是世界各国高中生申请美国名校学习及奖学金的重要参考。
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中文名称为美国研究生入学考试,适用于除法律与商业外的各专业,由美国教育考试服务处(Educational Testing Service,简称ETS)主办.